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Souris Valley Mental Health Hospital
Souris Valley Mental Health Hospital also called the Souris Valley Extended Care Centre was a public hospital in Weyburn, Saskatchewan. Originally called the Saskatchewan Hospital when opened in 1921, it was the largest building in The British Commonwealth and the most expensive building erected in Saskatchewan at that time.〔Chris Dooley, “The End of the Asylum (Town): Community responses to the depopulation and closure of the Saskatchewan Hospital, Weyburn,” in Histoire Sociale Volume XLIV (November 2011): 335.〕 In its beginning the hospital housed 607 patients.〔Jayne Melville Whyte, “Visiting the Mentally Ill: Volunteer Visitors at Saskatchewan Hospital, Weyburn 1950-1965,” in Histoire Sociale Volume XLIV (November 2011): 288.〕 Weyburn's hospital was considered on the cutting edge of experimental treatments for people with mental health issues. The facility had a reputation of leading the way in therapeutic programming. At its peak, the facility was home to approximately 2,500 patients. The hospital was an early example of Socio-architecture.
== Therapy ==
At the hospital, patients were exposed to different forms of occupational therapy, ranging from farm work to long walks. This work was unpaid until reforms began in the 1950s. Starting in 1954, other forms of recreational therapy were introduced, including dancing, card playing, sing-a-longs and skating.〔Jayne Melville Whyte, “Visiting the Mentally Ill: Volunteer Visitors at Saskatchewan Hospital, Weyburn 1950-1965,” in Histoire Sociale Volume XLIV (November 2011): 288.〕
Many of the early techniques used on patients by the hospital included insulin therapy, hydrotherapy, lobotomy and electroshock; by 1954 experiments using Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) therapy were done on volunteer staff and eventually applied to patients. Much of this early work conducted by Humphry Osmond and Abram Hoffer. The first LSD experiments were done on patients with chronic alcoholism who were institutionalized at Weyburn. Their conclusions from these experiments were that LSD had a 50 per cent chance of helping alcoholics overcome their addictions.〔Erika Dyck,“Hitting Highs at Rock Bottom’: LSD Treatment for Alcoholism, 1950–1970” in Social History of Medicine Vol. 19, No. 2: 313–329〕 Erica Dyck, a historian at the University of Saskatchewan argues that the experiments conducted at Weyburn throughout the late 1950s and 1960s were crucial to the reconstruction of alcoholism as a disease, because the drug provided a potential quick cure.〔Erika Dyck,“Hitting Highs at Rock Bottom’: LSD Treatment for Alcoholism, 1950–1970” in Social History of Medicine Vol. 19, No. 2: 327〕
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